Exodus 12:7-8 NLT

7They are to take some of the

blood and smear it on the sides

and top of the doorframes of the

houses where they eat the animal.

8That same night they must

roast the meat over a fire and

eat it along with bitter salad

greens and bread made without

yeast.

Exodus 12:12-13 NLT

12 On that night I will pass

through the land of Egypt and

strike down every firstborn son

and firstborn male animal in the

land of Egypt. I will execute

judgment against all the gods of

Egypt, for I am the LORD!

13 But the blood on your

doorposts will serve as a sign,

marking the houses where you are

staying. When I see the blood, I

will pass over you. This plague

of death will not touch you when

I strike the land of Egypt.

Passover = Pasach

Exodus 12:14 NLT

14 “This is a day to remember.

Each year, from generation to

generation, you must celebrate it

as a special festival to the

LORD. This is a law for all time.

Exodus 12:24-25 NLT

24 “Remember, these instructions

are a permanent law that you and

your descendants must observe

forever.

25 When you enter the land the

LORD has promised to give you,

you will continue to observe this

ceremony.

Exodus 12:29-31 NLT

29 And that night at midnight,

the LORD struck down all the

firstborn sons in the land of

Egypt, from the firstborn son of

Pharaoh, who sat on his throne,

to the firstborn son of the

prisoner in the dungeon. Even the

firstborn of their livestock were

killed.

30 Pharaoh and all his officials

and all the people of Egypt woke

up during the night, and loud

wailing was heard throughout the

land of Egypt. There was not a

single house where someone had

not died.

31 Pharaoh sent for Moses and

Aaron during the night. “Get

Seven Ways Passover Foreshadows

Jesus

1) Lamb without Blemish

Exodus 12:5 NLT

5The animal you select must be

a one-year-old male, either a

sheep or a goat, with no defects.

1 Peter 1:19 NLT

19 It was the precious blood of

Christ, the sinless, spotless

Lamb of God.

Seven Ways Passover Foreshadows

Jesus

2) Substitutionary Death

Exodus 12:6b NLT

6Then the whole assembly of the

community of Israel must

slaughter their lamb or young

goat at twilight.

John 1:29 NLT

29 The next day John saw Jesus

coming toward him and said,

“Look! The Lamb of God who takes

away the sin of the world!

1 Corinthians 5:7b NLT

Seven Ways Passover Foreshadows

Jesus

3) Blood Applied for Deliverance

Exodus 12:13 NET

13 The blood will be a sign for

you on the houses where you are,

so that when I see the blood I

will pass over you, and this

plague will not fall on you to

destroy you when I attack the

land of Egypt.

Romans 5:9 NET

9 Much more then, because we

have now been declared righteous

Seven Ways Passover Foreshadows

Jesus

4) No Broken Bones

Exodus 12:46 NET

46 It must be eaten in one house;

you must not bring any of the meat

outside the house, and you must not

break a bone of it.

John 19:36 NLT

36 These things happened in

fulfillment of the Scriptures that

say, “Not one of his bones will be

broken,”

Psalms 34:20 NLT

20 For the LORD protects the bones

Seven Ways Passover Foreshadows

Jesus

5) Freedom through Lamb’s Death

Exodus 12:31 NET

31 Pharaoh summoned Moses and

Aaron in the night and said, “Get

up, get out from among my people,

both you and the Israelites! Go,

serve the LORD as you have

requested!

Galatians 5:1a NET

1For freedom Christ has set us

free.

Seven Ways Passover Foreshadows

Jesus

6) A Meal of Remembrance

Exodus 12:14 NET

14 This day will become a

memorial for you, and you will

celebrate it as a festival to the

LORD –you will celebrate it

perpetually as a lasting

ordinance.

Luke 22:19 NET

19 Then he took bread, and after

giving thanks he broke it and

gave it to them, saying, “This is

Seven Ways Passover Foreshadows

Jesus

7) Timing of the Sacrifice

Exodus 12:6 NLT

6“Take special care of this

chosen animal until the evening

of the fourteenth day of this

first month. Then the whole

assembly of the community of

Israel must slaughter their lamb

or young goat at twilight.

14th Day of Nisan

Psalms 34:20 NLT

20 For the LORD protects the

Seven Ways Passover Foreshadows

Jesus

1) Lamb without Blemish

2) Substitutionary Death

3) Blood Applied for Deliverance

4) No Broken Bones

5) Freedom through Lamb’s Death

6) A Meal of Remembrance

7) Timing of the Sacrifice

Passover and the Feast of Unleavened

Bread

Leviticus 23:4-8 NET

4“‘These are the LORD’s appointed times, holy

assemblies, which you must proclaim at their appointed

time.

5In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the

month, at twilight, is a Passover offering to the LORD.

6Then on the fifteenth day of the same month will be

the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD; seven days

you must eat unleavened bread.

7On the first day there will be a holy assembly for

you; you must not do any regular work.

8You must present a gift to the LORD for seven days,

Passover (Always Nisan 14)

Nisan (first month of the Jewish year)

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Feast of Unleavened Bread (Always

Nisan 15 to 21)

Holy Assembly (Always Nisan 15 and 19)

Jesus died the day before Sabbath

Mark 15:42-43 NET

42 Now when evening had already come, since it was

the day of preparation (that is, the day before the

Sabbath),

43 Joseph of Arimathea, a highly regarded member of

the council, who was himself looking forward to the

kingdom of God, went boldly to Pilate and asked for

the body of Jesus.

Mark gives us the clue that Jesus died the day

before Sabbath.

Passover (Always Nisan 14)

Nisan (first month of the Jewish year)

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Feast of Unleavened Bread (Always

Nisan 15 to 21)

Holy Assembly (Always Nisan 15 and 19)

Sabbath (Always Saturday)

Feast of Firstfruits

Leviticus 23:9-11 NET

9 The LORD spoke to Moses:

10 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them, ‘When

you enter the land that I am about to give to you

and you gather in its harvest, then you must bring

the sheaf of the first portion of your harvest to

the priest,

11 and he must wave the sheaf before the LORD to be

accepted for your benefit –on the day after the

Sabbath the priest is to wave it.

The Feast of Firstfruits is the day after Sabbath

(Saturday).

Passover (Always Nisan 14)

Nisan (first month of the Jewish year)

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Feast of Unleavened Bread (Always

Nisan 15 to 21)

Holy Assembly (Always Nisan 15 and 19)

Feast of Firstfruits (Day after

Sabbath)

Sabbath (Always Saturday)

The 15 Steps of the Passover Seder

Kadesh (Sanctification)

The Seder begins with the recitation of Kiddush over

the first cup of wine . This cup is the “Cup of

Sanctification,” linked to God’s promise “I will bring

you out” (Exodus 6:6).

Urchatz (Washing the Hands)

Everyone washes their hands ritually (pouring water

three times over each hand). This prepares for the

dipping that follows and recalls ancient Temple purity

practices.

The 15 Steps of the Passover Seder

Karpas (Dipping the Vegetable)

A small piece of a green vegetable (usually parsley,

celery, or potato) is dipped in salt water and eaten

after the blessing over vegetables. The green vegetable

symbolizes spring and hope; the salt water represents

the tears of slavery in Egypt.

Yachatz (Breaking the Middle Matzah)

The leader takes the middle of the three matzot

(unleavened breads) on the Seder plate, breaks it in

half, wraps the larger piece (the Afikomen) in a cloth,

and hides it. The smaller piece is returned to the

plate. This foreshadows the “hidden” and “revealed”

aspects of redemption.

The 15 Steps of the Passover Seder

Maggid (Telling the Story)

The longest and most important step The Exodus story is

retold from the Haggadah. This includes: The Four

Questions (Ma Nishtana) asked by the youngest child.

The story ends with the second cup of wine (Cup of

Deliverance / “I will free you”)

Rachtzah (Washing the Hands —with Blessing)

Hands are washed again, this time with the blessing

(“Blessed are You… who has sanctified us with His

commandments and commanded us concerning the washing of

hands”). This prepares for eating the matzah.

The 15 Steps of the Passover Seder

Motzi (Blessing Over Bread)

The leader recites the standard blessing over bread

(HaMotzi) while holding the remaining matzot.

Matzah (Blessing and Eating the Matzah)

The special blessing over matzah (“Blessed are You… who

has commanded us concerning the eating of matzah”) is

recited. Everyone eats a portion of matzah.

Maror (Eating the Bitter Herbs)

Bitter herbs (usually horseradish or romaine lettuce)

are eaten after the blessing. This recalls the

bitterness of slavery in Egypt.

The 15 Steps of the Passover Seder

Korech (The Hillel Sandwich)

A “sandwich” is made with matzah, bitter herbs, and

charoset (a sweet mixture of apples, nuts, wine, and

cinnamon that represents the mortar used by the

slaves). It follows the practice of combining the

bitter and the sweet to remember both suffering and

redemption.

Shulchan Orech (The Festive Meal)

The main meal is served and eaten. Traditional foods

often include chicken soup with matzah balls, brisket,

roasted chicken, vegetables, and other dishes. No

leavened bread is present.

The 15 Steps of the Passover Seder

Tzafun (Eating the Afikomen)

The hidden Afikomen (from step 4) is found (often by

children), and everyone eats a piece. This is the last

solid food eaten —it recalls the Passover lamb and

must be consumed before the meal ends.

Barech (Grace After Meals)

The full Grace After Meals (Birkat HaMazon) is recited.

The third cup of wine (Cup of Redemption / “I will

redeem you”) is poured. This is the cup most commonly

associated with Jesus at the Last Supper when He said,

“This cup is the new covenant in my blood” (Luke 22:20;

1 Corinthians 11:25).

The 15 Steps of the Passover Seder

Hallel (Songs of Praise)

Psalms of praise (the Hallel —Psalms 113–118) are sung

or recited. The fourth cup of wine (Cup of Praise / “I

will take you as My people”) is poured. Some traditions

also pour a cup for Elijah the Prophet and open the

door, hoping for his arrival as a herald of the

Messiah.

Nirtzah (Conclusion / Acceptance)

The Seder concludes with a final prayer that our

observance be accepted by God. It ends with songs

(including “Chad Gadya” and “Who Knows One?”),

expressions of hope for future redemption, and the

declaration:

The Last Supper

Instead of washing hands, Jesus washed their feet.

Instead of blessing the matzah bread, Jesus says, “this

is my body, which is given for you”.

Instead of pouring wine as a blessing, Jesus says,

“this cup is the new covenant in my blood” (prophesized

by Jeremiah 31:31-34).

Instead of remembering the Exodus, Jesus says, “Do this

in remembrance of me”.